Booming Zionist economic activity attracted yet more Muslim workers, employed mostly in agriculture, building, and services. Joan Peters, author of a book on this topic, compares the non-Jewish population of the future mandate’s territory in 1893 and 1947. Dividing it into three subregions according to the intensity of their Jewish settlement non

Palestine has come under unceasing attack. In addition to countless tribal raids and assaults by petty princes, the region suffered such notable invaders as Pharaoh Ramses II, Alexander the Great, Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab, King Richard the Lionheart, the Mongol Kitbuqa, the Ottoman Selim the Grim, Napoleon, General Edmund Allenby, and Gamal Abdel

a homogeneous people living on the land since the deepest antiquity This article seeks to restore the historical record by reviewing non-Jewish immigration to Palestine during the century from the 1840s until the creation of Israel in 1948; then it examines the fairytale that displaced that record. A future article will take up non-Jewish immigrati

Both countries have established embassies, but high-level visits and political consultations are infrequent. This lack of consistent diplomatic exchange hampers efforts to address mutual concerns and expand cooperation in areas such as security, education, and technology. The ASEAN-Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Forum, which includes Indonesia a

in diversifying their trade portfolios. Indonesia’s reliance on palm oil exports and Colombia’s dependency on oil and coffee create vulnerabilities to global price fluctuations, further complicating efforts to balance trade flows. Additionally, Colombia’s geographic distance from Indonesia has acted as a barrier to enhancing trade, with high